Double-Diffusive Natural Convection with Cross-Diffusion Effects in an Anisotropic Porous Enclosure Using ISPH Method

A study on heat and mass transfer behaviour on an anisotropic porous medium embedded in square cavity/annulus is conducted using Incompressibe Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ISPH) method. In the case of square cavity, the left wall has hot temperature Th and mass Ch and the right wall has cool temperature Tc and mass Cc and both of the top and bottom walls are adiabatic. While in the case of square annulus, the inner surface wall is considered to have a cool temperature Tc and mass Cc while the outer surface is exposed to a hot temperature Th and mass Ch. The governing partial differential equations are transformed to non-dimensional governing equations and are solved using ISPH method. The results present the influences of the Dufour and Soret effects on the heat and mass transfer. The effects of various physical parameters such as Darcy parameter, permeability ratio, inclina‐ tion angle of permeability and Rayleigh numbers on the temperature and concentra‐ tion profiles together with the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are presented graphically. The results from the current ISPH method are well validated and have favorable comparisons with previously published results and solutions by the finite volume method.